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__**Meleshka Víðarrova zhena Vapnabrjótr **__
11th-ish century Rus/Norse Meleshka is listed as a masc. name - diminutive of Melentii. Meleshka Mikiforov syn Kortev 1594-5, also Meleshko Verin c 1495. Options:
 * Pick a different, related feminine name: Milesha 1451, Milesa 1238, Mileshko (?) 1563; Mileva 1368, Milehva 1031; Miliia 14th c; Militsa 1204; Milaia fem. of Miloi 1446; Milokhnia 1563, Milohna 1132; Miloslava 857; Melan'ia 1356 martyr; Meletina 1356, Melitina 2-3rd c martyr
 * If want to stick with Meleshka...


 * 1) Note that Meleshka is grammatically feminine
 * 2) Show that Meleshka/Melishka is acceptible a modern Russian _feminine_ name:
 * 3) Мелешка Халилова (Meleshka Khalilova) - http://vk.com/m.khailova
 * 4) Мелишка Савелева (Melishka Savelyeva) - http://vk.com/id204054155
 * 5) Мелишка Зеленько (Melishka Zelen'ko) - http://vk.com/id233933419
 * 6) Мелишка Томлинсон (Melishka Tomlinson) - https://www.facebook.com/meliwko
 * 7) http://orcapod.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Malishka/Juliet
 * 8) Show that -shka is used in period feminine names:
 * 9) Agashka/Ogashka - 1634
 * 10) Aniushka 1498, Anushka from metronymic Anushkin 1633, s.n. Anna
 * 11) Avdiushka 1635 dim. of Ovdot'ia
 * 12) Budshka 1292
 * 13) **Kashka 825, s.n. Kasha**
 * 14) Krushka 1609
 * 15) **Lishka 1437, s.n. Liska**
 * 16) **Teshka 850**
 * 17) **Zbyshka 1134, s.n. Zbiska**

Also need earlier date for Meleshka to combine with Norse - need within 300 years. (Meleshko c 1495 - 300 gives 1195 for date of Norse component)
 * Per // A Russian Church Slavonic Kanonnik (1331-1332) // by A.H. van den Baar - Melentii = Meletii, archbishop (feast day Feb 12).
 * St. Meletius of Antioch -> Meletii in Russian, feast day Feb 12, died in 381 per http://oca.org/saints/lives/2015/02/12/100505-st-meletius-the-archbishop-of-antioch which means his name would have entered the Russian naming pool with the conversion to Christianity in the 10th century.
 * Also http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Life/life4627.htm

Víðarrova (1066-1148, wise ruler vs. tree, forest (per Viking Answer Lady) zhena Vapnabrjótr (1068-1148, weapon-breaker) - combines Russian and Scandinavian in the same name phrase. Options:
 * Pick different, similar-sounding/meaning all-Russian byname/s
 * Vid (to see) -> Vidova/Vidonova/Vidinova
 * Vit (life) -> Vitova/Vitkova/Vitkovna
 * Vedr -> Vedrova
 * Vetr (wind) -> Vetrova
 * Vydra (otter) -> Vydrina
 * Vaptos -> Vaptosova
 * Les = forest, Dereva = wood
 * Brat = brother, Tovarishch = comrade, Drug/Druzhina (u = oo sound) = friend, household/retinue, etc.


 * Use the 944/945 treaty as a pattern to Russianize the Norse names
 * Víðarr -> Vidar
 * Vithfastr & Vifastr & Vigfastr, -> **Vuefast (so v ->v)**
 * Sigbiorn -> ** Shikhbern?, ** Libbi & Lik(n)biorn, - **Libiar (so i -> i)**
 * Guthi, - **Gudov** **(so th -> d)**
 * Kari, - **Kary (so r -> r)**
 * Grimr, - **Grim (**and Russian doesn't do double letters, **so drop the final r)**
 * Vapnabrjótr -> Vapanbrat (vs. Vapnabrat?)
 * Vithfastr & Vifastr & Vigfastr, **->** **Vuefast** (so v ->v, a -> a)
 * **Russian has no problem with p (so p -> p)**
 * Hagni/Hagun-, - **Akun? (so na -> an?)**
 * Brunn, - **Bruny (so br -> br)**
 * Biorn, - **Bernov** **(so jo -> e or maybe a, esp. b/c brat = brother in Russian)**
 * Fasti, - **Fastov (so t -> t)**
 * Grimr, - **Grim (so drop the final r)**
 * Brat is an established name theme/root in Russian, eg. Bratomir, Desibrat, Dragobrat
 * Russian patronymics from Norse names from 944/5 treaty
 * Biorn, - **Bernov**
 * Gunn- & Gunna & Gunnar, - **Gunarev**
 * Klakki, - **Klekov**
 * Fasti, - **Fastov**
 * Aeithorn & Aetta, - **Etonov**
 * Klakki, - **Klekov**
 * Fasti, - **Fastov**
 * Aeithorn & Aetta, - **Etonov**

__Summary:__
Submitted Name: Meleshka Vidarova zhena Vapanbratova >> http://sofyalarus.wikispaces.com/x--Swedish-Russian%20Interactions-944/945%20Treaty (which shows Russian-style patronymics formed from Norse names) >> http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/VarangianNames.shtml#TreatyNames and >> http://sofyalarus.wikispaces.com/x--Swedish-Russian%20Interactions-944/945%20Treaty (which shows Russian-style patronymics formed from Norse names)
 * Meleshka - plausible feminine diminutive of plausible feminine form of saint's name Melentii.
 * Meleshka Mikiforov syn Kortev 1594, dim. masc. given name, Wickenden, s.n. Melentii.
 * Melentii is St. Meletii per //A Russian Church Slavonic Kanonnik (1331-1332)// by A.H. van den Baar, known in the west as St. Meletius of Antioch, d. 381 (http://oca.org/saints/lives/2015/02/12/100505-st-meletius-the-archbishop-of-antioch) , so his name would have entered the Rus naming pool with their conversion to Christianity (officially 10th c.) even though the earliest forms in Wickenden date to the 1400s.
 * Melentiia is a plausible feminine version of Melentii, eg. Afanasii/Afanasiia, Evpatii/Evpatiia, Feodosii/Feodosiia, Ilarii/Ilariia, etc. all from Wickenden's 3rd Edition - http://sofyalarus.wikispaces.com/Masculine-Feminine+Name+Pairs
 * Meleshka is a plausible period feminine diminutive of Melentii/Melentiia because:
 * the -a ending makes it grammatically feminine,
 * other period Russian feminine names end in -shka: Kashka 825, s.n. Kasha; Lishka 1437, s.n. Liska; Teshka 850; Zbyshka 1134, s.n. Zbiska (all Wickenden).
 * Meleshka/Melishka survives as a modern Russian feminine name:
 * 1) Мелешка Халилова (Meleshka Khalilova) - http://vk.com/m.khailova
 * 2) Мелишка Савелева (Melishka Savelyeva) - http://vk.com/id204054155
 * 3) Мелишка Зеленько (Melishka Zelen'ko) - http://vk.com/id233933419
 * 4) Мелишка Томлинсон (Melishka Tomlinson) - https://www.facebook.com/meliwko
 * Vidarova - feminine patronymic of plausible Russified Norse name Víðarr
 * Víðarr - 1068-1148, Geir-Bassi
 * Vidarova - standard feminine patronymic of plausible Russianized form of Víðarr based on Norse names from 10th century Rus treaties: http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/VarangianNames.shtml#TreatyNames and
 * Vithfastr & Vifastr & Vigfastr, -> **Vuefast (so v ->v)**
 * Sigbiorn -> ** Shikhbern?, ** Libbi & Lik(n)biorn, - **Libiar (so i -> i)**
 * Guthi, - **Gudov** **(so th -> d)**
 * Kari, - **Kary (so r -> r)**
 * Grimr, - **Grim (**and Russian doesn't do double letters, **so drop the final r)**
 * zhena - standard Russian identifier "wife of" per Wickenden's grammar.
 * Vapanbratova - feminine patronymic of plausible Russified Norse name Vapnabrjotr
 * Vapnabrjotr "weapon-breaker", 1068-1148, constructed form combing vapni- + -brjotr, both from "Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók" - http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/vikbynames.html
 * Vapanbratova - standard feminine patronymic of plausible Russianized form of Vapnabrjotr based on Norse names from 10th century Rus treaties:
 * Vithfastr & Vifastr & Vigfastr, **->** **Vuefast** (so v ->v, a -> a)
 * **Russian has no problem with p (so p -> p)**
 * Hagni/Hagun-, - **Akun? (so na -> an?)**
 * Brunn, - **Bruny (so br -> br)**
 * Biorn, - **Bernov** **(so jo -> e or maybe a, esp. b/c brat = brother in Russian)**
 * Fasti, - **Fastov (so t -> t)**
 * Grimr, - **Grim (so drop the final r)**
 * -brat is an established name theme/root in Russian, eg. Bratomir, Desibrat, Dragobrat
 * combination of North Slavic (Russian) with Old Norse allowed per SENA Appendix C per May 2013 CL
 * Russian name pattern  +  + zhena +  [|**(1176) in Reaney //Dict.Br.Surnames//**] 151: Robert Smalred [s.n. Shortreed]. [|**(1274) in Reaney //Dict.Br.Surnames//**] 319: Martin Shortrad [s.n. Shortreed]. [|**(1275) //Hundred R.Tower 1//**] 226: Simon' Redwin. [|**(1279) //Hundred R.Tower 2//**] 703: Andr' Redwy. [|**(1317-27) //Nickname// in //LuSE 55//**] 160: Joh. Scortrede. [|**(1332) //Name// in //LuSE 35//**] 55: Schortrede. [|**(1372-6) in Reaney//Dict.Br.Surnames//**] 151: Philip Lytylred. [|**c1383 //Reg.Gaunt// in //RHS ser.3.20//**] 100: Philip Littylred.


 * __Names that I've commented on__**

__Ivan Vladimir Belogorskoi__ -
New Name Submitter desires a masculine name.Client requests authenticity for 14th century Russian time and language. Wickenden asserts that double given names in Russian are never composed of two Christian names, and gives //Vladimir// as an example of a native Russian name which became used as a Christian name following the 13th C canonization of Saint Vladimir. As we are uncertain whether this implies that it would always be considered a Christian name thereafter, we are sending this on for discussion and a more informed ruling.
 * Ivan** is a Russian masculine given name found in Wickenden (s.n. Ioann). //Ivan Fomin syn// is attested from 1181, and while I have not found a citation for the given name in the desired 14th C, patronymic forms appear in citations of //Mikhail Ivanovich// and //Prokofei Ivanovich'//, both from 1386, and //Grigorii Ivanovits// from 1392. Consequently we believe the spelling //Ivan// should be valid for the 14th C.
 * Vladimir** is a Russian masculine given name found as a header in Wickenden, which attests //Vladimir Vsevolodovich// from 1053. Similar later spellings cited include //Volodimir// from 1302, //Vlodimer Ol'g'rdovich'// from 1362-92 and //Vladimer Ondreevich// from 1558, while the spelling //Vlad-// (from the same root word) can be found in the 14th C in //Vl'kats Vladisalich// from 1395 (s.n. Vladislav) and //Alekseiko, called Vladych'ka// from 1377 (s.n. Vladyka). Consequently it seems plausible that the spelling //Vladimir// could have appeared in the 14th C.
 * Belogorskoi** is a Russian masculine byname. Wickenden (s.n. Belogor) attests //Ivan Pavlov syn Belogorskoi// from 1583-7, listing this under "Pat Vars", but the byname appears to have the form of an adjectival locative. Wickenden (p. xxix) states that adjectival locative bynames appeared in the 11th C and were "the accepted form for noting legal residency in court documents" by the 14th-15th C. //Belogor// is said to mean "white hills", and the initial //Belo-// can also be found identified as "white" prior to the 14th C, e.g., //Belovolod Prosevich// from 1184 (s.n. Belovolod) and //Belozud// from c. 800 (s.n. Belozud). It is not stated whether //Aleksandr Belovut// from 1385 (s.n. Belovut) derives from the same root, but it seems likely. The terminal //-skoi// can be found at least as early as 1426 in //Paroei Pskovskoi// (s.n. Pskovskoi). While this does not make the submitted spelling conclusively 14th C, it seems close enough to be plausible, and I have found nothing to suggest a better alternative.
 * Correction** (2012-Jan-31 03:01:56): It having been noted that the submission form has the name in all capital letters: The submitter permits all changes and requests authenticity. Accordingly, documented forms (none of which are rendered in all capital letters) have been substituted.
 * Name Comments**:
 * J** at 2012-01-31 00:20:33 ([|Reply]) The form shows the name submitted in all capitals.
 * A** at 2012-01-31 02:51:32 ([|Reply]) No conflicts found.
 * Sofya la Rus** at 2012-03-18 17:36:23 ([|Reply]) ([|EDIT]) Ivan is a perfectly fine 14th century spelling. Wickenden only lists the earliest examples of a given spelling and Ivan remains the default modern spelling of the name. The spelling in the patronymics confirms this. The same goes for the spelling of Vladimir. Vladimir would have been deemed a "Christian name" after his canonization, however, scholars are not sure when exactly that happened. It may have been as late as the early 14th century according to John Fennel in "When was Olga Cannonized" in _Slavic cultures in the Middle Ages, Volume 16, Issue 1_ pp 80-81 (found on Google books). Fennel notes that Vladimir must have been cannonized after 1283 but before 1311 when a church was dedicated to him in Novgorod, and probably cannonized before 1305. But this makes it possible that a child in the early 14th century may have been named Vladimir as a non-Christian name either before Prince Vladimir's canonization was officially confirmed or before that cannonization was universally known through all the Russian lands. Belogorskoi is an unremarkable adjectival form using the -skoi variant of the standard masculine -skii ending for the adjectival Type IV toponyms as described in Wickenden's grammar. Wickenden's second edition has Davydov'skoi dated to 1386 as the de-patronymed form of Davydov'skogo. Iskoi was a martyr in 13-14th century Church Calendars per Wickenden. Khorvatskoi is the de-patronymed form Khorvatskogo, 1087. Paskoi is dated to 1421. Polotskoi dates to 980. The roots of Belogor, Bel- (white) and -gor (city/hill) certainly existed in the 14th century. Wickeden doesn't list a place named "Belogor" among period place names, but he does list Belgorod (founded 980), Deviagorsk (presumably "nine-hills", founded 1147), Kholmogory ("hilly hill", before 1533). As for the question of capitals... as a point of trivia, the medieval Russian texts were written in Cyrillic in a majuscule uncial-type hand, i.e. what we might describe as "all capital letters". *smile*

**__Iarena Devka Iosifa doch'__**
New Name ([|Comment]) & New Device ([|Comment]) //Per pale azure and argent, an eight spoked wheel countercharged Or and gules// No major changes.
 * Documentation Provided:** **Iarena:** //Dictionary of Period Russian Names - Section H-J// by Paul Goldschmidt. [] dates this Feminine name to 1107**Devka:** //Dictionary of Period Russian Names - Section H-J// by Paul Goldschmidt. [] S.N.Deva dates this Feminine name to 1136 and states Deva means "maiden." However, the dim "Devka" is less complementary and usually translates as "wench." **Iosifa:** P//Dictionary of Period Russian Names - Section H-J// by Paul Goldschmidt. [] dates this Masculine name to 1541 as a Russianization of Joseph**doch:** //Dictionary of Russian Names - Grammar// by Paul Goldschmidt. [] S.N. feminine patronymics Sect 2 states The most common form (particularly in late period) is the familial form (patronymic + doch').**Comments:** Submitter will not allow the formation of a holding name.

Agreed. Iosifa would be a variant of an "unmarked patronymic" with the father's name put into simple genitive case as discussed in Wickenden's Grammar. It's been a LONG time since I seriously looked at Russian naming in detail, but... In the case of 2 given names like we have here, was it not the case that one would be a Christian name, and one an old Slavic name? Looking at the entry for Iarena in Paul's work, it looks to me like Iarena is one of the 'light' names, which suggests it's one of the old Slavic names. Deva = maiden surely is, so that leaves NO Christian name. I think that's a serious problem for an authentic name, but I don't know what current precedent is. Of course, if the name is that early, maybe Christian names aren't essential? Indeed. There's a precedent from some time back now which says that the use of two Christian names in a Russian name is a SFPP: > As submitted, this name uses two Christian given names in a Russian name; this was ruled a step from period practice in June 1997. [LoAR 05/2004] I'd expect the use of two non-Christian names would also be a SFPP.
 * Name Comments**:
 * Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada (Aldyrne)** at 2012-02-29 00:17:25 ([|Reply]) //Iosifa: PDictionary of Period Russian Names - Section H-J by Paul Goldschmidt. [] dates this Masculine name to 1541 as a Russianization of Joseph// Actually, what is dated to 1541 in that location is the masculine name . Looking at Paul's grammar section ([]), I think the genitive form of  would not be  but would rather be  for a man and  for a woman, which would make the patronymic phrase .
 * D** at 2012-03-16 19:38:03 ([|Reply]) Actually, while what you suggest is (far?) more common, I think the submitted form is also correct. "A variant of this system is putting the father's given name into the genitive case. Names ending in -a or -ia are changed to -y and -i respectively and those names ending in -ii or -oi change to -ego or -ogo. Names ending in hard consonants or -o change to -a (with the -o dropping out if necessary), while those ending in soft consonants add an -ia." From Paul's article cited. So "Iosifa" should be correct, even if not 'normal'.
 * Sofya la Rus** at 2012-03-18 15:25:32
 * D** at 2012-03-16 19:32:03
 * A** at 2012-03-17 02:41:39 //was it not the case that one would be a Christian name, and one an old Slavic name//

The situations are not exactly parallel. One would not have two Christian names, because that would imply that one had been baptized twice (receiving a different baptismal name each time) which would violate Orthodox doctrine - "I believe in one baptism..." BUT one could have two non-Christian names with one serving as a "given name" and one serving as "descriptive byname". Eg. from Wickenden's 3rd edition: Kubas Beleliubskii as father of Vaska Kubasov syn Beleliubskii, Orap Begech as father of Khabor Orapov syn Begechev, Khvedor Baranko, Volodoslav Lomonosoi, etc.
 * Sofya la Rus** at 2012-03-18 15:52:26 ([|Reply]) ([|EDIT])

**__Roksana vs Russian "Dawn"__**
My name is Dawn, and I am in the Kingdom of the West, Barony of Darkwood. I am trying to find any documentation that might help me to get the name ROKSANA passed the Heralds. I can only find the name linked with Alexander the Great. I am sure that the name was used, but probably not in a way that would be historical. Spellling is not all that important, except for my husband pronouncing it.

Anything that you can help me with would be greatly appreciated. I have looked all thru the SCA list with Paul Wickendom of Thicket. I have found a little bit on a website Behind the Name, and it does offer a tree with the name starting with the Ancient Persians but does not give any dates.

Please, if possible, help me. I really want to use Roksana, as it is my name translated into Russian.

__My response:__ Actually, Roksana means "dawn" in Persian, not Russian. The word "dawn" translated into Russian would be rassvet, utrennaya zarya, zarya. Sunrise would be voskhod solntsa or zarya.

Zaria is the name of the pagan Russian goddess of the dawn, depicted in Russian folklore as a beautiful maiden. More importantly to the heralds (since we can't register names that were only used by gods), it is documented as a man's (!) name in Wickenden as Zaria and Zara. So convincing the Heralds to register it as a woman's name might be tricky, despite the fact it is gramatically feminine and the name of a female goddess. But I have developed a couple strategems for this problem. I won't bore you with the details now, but if you're interested, I'll send you the scheme.

Zarya is the name of many places in Russia and Ukraine, all of them very small. The few that give dates of founding were all established in the 20th century after the Russian Revolution (aka Red/Beautiful Dawn), or renamed after the revolution (two in Ukraine).

Interesting, the word zaryanka (robin) is related to zarya according to Dal'... Wickenden documents Zaranko as a men's name (diminutive of Zaran)... I should be able to document a/ia switches, plus the well-established o/a switches...

Zara meaning zarya is attested in Sreznevskii to 1097. Zarya is attested (ibid) to 1073 and includes more general meaning - glow, light, etc, in addition to utrennaya zarya (and vechernaya zarya). No zaryanka, though. Not in Wickenden, either. :-(

Malinovka is another word for robin. Not in Wickenden. Not in Sreznevskii - not even malina. ?

> Greetings, > > Thank you for the information. Yes, please bore me. I find it interesting that Roksana, does not mean DAWN as it was an actual Russian who told me that.

Well, that's the problem with asking modern native speakers SCA questions. Presumably you asked "what's a Russian name that means Dawn?". Roksana is, indeed, indeed a name used by modern Russians and thus a "Russian name", but it is not linguistically Russian. And it does mean "dawn", but not in any Slavic language. You wouldn't go up to a Russian and say the equivalent of, "We left so early to go to Pennsic, it wasn't even roksana yet!" ;-)

> Altho Zaria is not that pretty, I spoke with my husband and he could live with it.

I suppose I should make sure you're pronouncing it properly... It should be zahr-YAH, although most of us will try to pronounce it ZAHR-yah or, worse, zah-REE-ah. You can spell it as Zarya if you like, to try to prevent the zah-REE-ah mistake. []

Hmm, interesting... zarianka (zahr-YAHN-kah) means "robin" as in the bird and is related to the word "zaria"... I can find Zaranko in Wickenden, which I could argue could have been spelled as Zarianka... or you could register Zaria and have people call you Zarianka as a nickname...

Okay, schemes for registering Zaria: 1: Simply register it as a masculine name. The College of Heralds doesn't care what your gender is, or the gender of the name, just that it has to be internally consistent. So you could register Mary Elizabeth Smith or John Peter Jones, but not Peter Mary White. Pick a similarly "feminine" man's name to go with it, and you're golden. Eg. Zarya Petra (Petra being a diminutive of Petr, aka Peter!!!!

2: Attempt to register it as a plausible feminine name, eg. Zarya Petrova or even Zarya Petra as above (long grammatical explanation omitted). Document that: "Zaria is a grammatically feminine name because of its -ia ending. [per Wiktionary, etc.] It is the name of Russian Goddess of the Dawn in Russian folklore. [per Wikipedia, etc.] But we know it was also used as a human name because it is listed in Wickenden, albeit as a man's name. [2nd edition, under Zaria] Russian men frequently used grammatically feminine names. This would not exclude it from being a plausible woman's name, since there are other grammatically feminine names used by both men and women. [Gender Bending Names]" http://russianscaheraldry.wikispaces.com/Gender+Bending+Names

3: Register it as an "unmarked patronymic" - basically saying that your father's name was Zaria. Register Mariia Zaria doch' Petrova and have your friends call you Zaria.

You can obviously pick a different second name besides the variants of Peter that I used.

__**Ivan Vladimir Belogorskoi -**__
Submitter desires a masculine name.Client requests authenticity for 14th century Russian time and language. Wickenden asserts that double given names in Russian are never composed of two Christian names, and gives //Vladimir// as an example of a native Russian name which became used as a Christian name following the 13th C canonization of Saint Vladimir. As we are uncertain whether this implies that it would always be considered a Christian name thereafter, we are sending this on for discussion and a more informed ruling.
 * Ivan** is a Russian masculine given name found in Wickenden (s.n. Ioann). //Ivan Fomin syn// is attested from 1181, and while I have not found a citation for the given name in the desired 14th C, patronymic forms appear in citations of //Mikhail Ivanovich// and //Prokofei Ivanovich'//, both from 1386, and //Grigorii Ivanovits// from 1392. Consequently we believe the spelling //Ivan// should be valid for the 14th C.
 * Vladimir** is a Russian masculine given name found as a header in Wickenden, which attests //Vladimir Vsevolodovich// from 1053. Similar later spellings cited include //Volodimir// from 1302, //Vlodimer Ol'g'rdovich'// from 1362-92 and //Vladimer Ondreevich// from 1558, while the spelling //Vlad-// (from the same root word) can be found in the 14th C in //Vl'kats Vladisalich// from 1395 (s.n. Vladislav) and //Alekseiko, called Vladych'ka// from 1377 (s.n. Vladyka). Consequently it seems plausible that the spelling //Vladimir// could have appeared in the 14th C.
 * Belogorskoi** is a Russian masculine byname. Wickenden (s.n. Belogor) attests //Ivan Pavlov syn Belogorskoi// from 1583-7, listing this under "Pat Vars", but the byname appears to have the form of an adjectival locative. Wickenden (p. xxix) states that adjectival locative bynames appeared in the 11th C and were "the accepted form for noting legal residency in court documents" by the 14th-15th C. //Belogor// is said to mean "white hills", and the initial //Belo-// can also be found identified as "white" prior to the 14th C, e.g., //Belovolod Prosevich// from 1184 (s.n. Belovolod) and //Belozud// from c. 800 (s.n. Belozud). It is not stated whether //Aleksandr Belovut// from 1385 (s.n. Belovut) derives from the same root, but it seems likely. The terminal //-skoi// can be found at least as early as 1426 in //Paroei Pskovskoi// (s.n. Pskovskoi). While this does not make the submitted spelling conclusively 14th C, it seems close enough to be plausible, and I have found nothing to suggest a better alternative.

__**Anneka Dubrovskii**__
New Name ([|Comment]) Submitter desires a feminine name. Meaning (Anneka of the Oakwoods) most important. We understand this is a combination of Russian/Finnish, but can find no precedence allowing or rejecting this combination. We feel it plausible, believing there was sufficient interaction between the two cultures, but cannot provide documentation to state our case.
 * Anneka**: Variation of Finnish feminine given name //Anneke// dated to 1492 and listed in __Vanhat nimityyppimme (Finish Names)__ by Rouva Gertrud[]
 * Dubrovskii**: Russian byname of botanical origin meaning or associated with //Oak grove//, dated to c1495 and listed in __Botanical Bynames in Medieval Russia__ by Paul Wickenden of Thanet[]
 * Name Comments**:
 * A** at 2012-01-23 13:59:56 ([|Reply])  is not a Finnish name but a Swedish one, as the context of the citation demonstrates: ; this citation is dated to 1492. There's also <Aneka enckie> 1571, which provides some justification for <Anneke> as an extrapolated form. <Anneka> is also dated to 1521 in SMP s.n. Anneke, and there's a Dutch <Anneka Seghers> in my "Names from Dutch Records Between 1584-1585" ([]), though neither Swedish/Russian nor Dutch/Russian combinations have been ruled on yet. The byname needs to be feminized, to <Dubrovskaia>.

The influence of the Finnic tribes absorbed in northern Rus was part of what distinguished the culture of the Rus in the north around Moscow from the Rus in the south around Kiev (Vernadsky, Ancient Russia, p. 235). Finnish lands were in the battle zone between Sweden and Russia.

I suggest that a Swedish-Russian name should be registerable, although with a Step From Period Practice lacking definite examples of combined names.

As neighboring nations with competing/complementary tactical and economic interests on the Baltic Sea, Russia and Sweden have had ongoing interactions throughout SCA period beginning from the time of the Road from the Varangians to the Greeks which formed the axis around which the early Rus state emerged with Old Norse rulers (which is why Old Norse/Russian names are registerable SFPP). A settlement of Scandinavian merchants was maintained in Novgorod, complementing the settlement of German merchants. [Vernadsky, "Dawn"] Ivan III "the Great" (1440-1505) concluded an offensive alliance with Hans of Denmark. He built a strong citadel in Ingria (named Ivangorod after himself), which proved of great consequence to Russians in the war with Sweden, which had been preceded by Ivan's detention of the Hanseatic merchants trading in Novgorod. 1496 AD War between Moscow and Sweden. Swedes capture Ivangorod... Ivan IV "the Terrible" (1530-1584) launched a victorious war of seaward expansion to the west, only to find himself fighting the Swedes, Lithuanians, Poles, and the Livonian Teutonic Knights. For twenty-four years the Livonian War dragged on. 1575 AD War between Muscovy and Sweden begins in Estonia. 1578 AD Russians defeated by Swedes at Wenden. In 1595 Tsar Boris Godunov recovered from Sweden the towns lost during the former reign. Having won the Russo–Swedish War (1590–1595), he felt the necessity of a Baltic seaboard, and attempted to obtain Livonia by diplomatic means. He cultivated friendly relations with the Scandinavians, in order to intermarry if possible with foreign royal houses, so as to increase the dignity of his own dynasty. With these extensive contacts,

Anika (masc. diminutive of Anikei in Wickenden 3rd Edition) Dubrovskii would provide a completely Russian form of the name, albeit as a masculine name. Anika, while not attested as a feminine name, is grammatically feminine, In modern Russian, Annika and Anika are diminutive forms of the name Anna, so it could be a plausible medieval Russian feminine name. The completely Russian feminine form of the name would then be Annika Dubrovskaia, with the byname feminized as indicated by Aryanhwy.

With frequent i/e switches in medieval Russian such as Onikei/Onekei (under Anikei), we could justify Aneka Dubrovskii and Aneka Dubrovskaia. The existance of n/nn switches such as Ana/Anna, Anus'ia/Annusia, Anitsa/Annitsa (under Anna), would justify Anneka Dubrovskii and Anneka Dobrovskaia.

**__Aloisia Ambercoast__**
Despite the comment that "submitter requested a Slavic name" I am struggling to find anything Slavic about it. Aloisia would be the feminine form of Aloisius, which is a saint's name documented in The Compleat Anachronist #95 - Period Chronology: Aloysius Gonzaga, 1591, and Blessed Aloysius Rabata, 1490. Aloysius is apparently the Latin form of Luis/Louis/Luigi and presumably then also the Germanic Ludwig. Thus Aloisia would be a Latinized form of Ludwiga. This may be useful, since the Germanic Teutonic knights would have been in control of the Amber Coast and thus a German byname for the Amber Coast would be plausible. The German name for the Amber Coast is Bernsteinküste. I don't know if the term was used in period, but Bernstein is attested in Bahlow - Hermen Bernsteen Ro. 1385 (Lub. 1438, Stettin 1528). Elsa von der Seeküste was registered in October of 1984 (via Atlantia). I don't know what documentation was used. Unmarked locatives seem to have been used in German based on the names Franko Meckelenborgh (under Mecklenberg) and Niklas Koppernigk (from Ko:ppernig under Ko:pernick) Conrad Dobbe (under Dobbe) [all Bahlow]. So could Ludwiga Bernsteinku:ste could become Aloisia Ambercoast (Latinized given name + Lingua Anglica byname)? The Amber Coast on the Baltic is called Yantarnij Bereg in Russian. I don't find yantar in Sreznevsky. Dal' seems to give alatyr" as a possible synonym.

__From Wikipedia:__ История На [|Древней Руси] янтарь назывался **илектр** или //Илектрон// (от [|др.-греч.] <span style="font-family: palatino linotype,new athena unicode,athena,gentium,code2000,serif; font-size: 17px;">ἤλεκτρον, «янтарь»). В азбуковниках илектр описывается как «//камень зело честен, един от драгих камней тако именуем, златовиден вкупе и сребровиден//». Может быть, горючесть янтаря или илектра послужила поводом к появлению мифического «//бел горюч камень Алатырь//». Мнение о тождестве последнего с янтарём впервые высказано [|Н. И. Надеждиным] в «Вестнике Императорского Русского Географического Общества» (ч. 7, 1853, прилож. 2—4). //Translation: In Ancient Rus, yantar' was called ilektr or Ilektrom (from ancient Greek..). In primers [?] ilektr is described as "a stone green [?] honored [?], one from valuable stones of such they name, gold-appearing together and silver-appearing". It may be that inflammable yantar or ilektra served as cause to appearance of mythological "white burning stone Alatyr' ".//

Кулоны из янтаря

Происхождение слова янтарь
Древнерусское — //ентарь//. В древнерусский язык слово «янтарь» (в форме «ентарь») пришло в начале XVI века (упоминается в летописи 1562 г.). [|[2]] «Старо-русское, следовательно, славянское обозначение — //Gentator//, отсюда идёт литовское — //Gintaras// и русское — янтарь»[|[3]]. Считается также, что русское слово заимствовано из [|литовского][|[4]] [|[5]], так как литовские племена обычно проживали у янтарных берегов, а русские — очень редко.

Использование янтаря в древнем мире
С незапамятных времён люди наделяли ископаемую смолу, чей возраст исчисляется миллионами лет, чудодейственными свойствами. Небольшое украшение из янтаря стоило зачастую дороже, чем молодой [|раб] на невольничьем рынке, ибо доставка янтаря в Рим по [|Янтарному пути] была сопряжена с большими трудностями. Лекарства и украшения из окаменелой смолы рекомендовались при самых разных болезнях. Ещё римский учёный [|Плиний Старший] ([|23]—[|79 годы] нашей эры) был убежден, что янтарные амулеты предохраняют от болезней простаты и душевных расстройств. Церковный реформатор [|Мартин Лютер] верил, что янтарь защищает от образования камней в почках, и всегда носил в кармане кусок окаменелой смолы. Одна из [|медицинских] рекомендаций [|1680 года] гласила: «Полоскание, приготовленное из янтаря, помогает от закупорок в голове». Если смешать растёртый янтарь с медом и розовым маслом, получится эффективное средство от глазных болезней. В те времена, когда стекло ещё не умели делать достаточно прозрачным, из шлифованного янтаря изготавливали очки и лупы. «Boernstein», «горящий камень», — так на древне-немецком языке назывался янтарь в [|XIII веке]. Считалось, что дым подожжённого янтаря не только снимает боли в сердце и помогает при ревматизме, но и может служить заменителем фимиама. Не случайно бранденбургско-прусские короли в [|XVII веке] присвоили себе монопольное право собирать ценный дар природы. Жителям побережья это было строжайшим образом запрещено — под страхом тюрьмы и даже смерти! А уже в тридцатые годы [|XX века] биохимикам удалось выделить [|янтарную кислоту] — вещество, являющееся неспецифическим [|биостимулятором] и обладающее противовоспалительным и противострессовым действием, благотворно влияющее на работу почек и кишечника.

Malenkaya Staya
- household name

__**Amleth Moor -**__
__**Name Change/Reconsideration/whatever**__ And so we may refer to page #2 of the documentation provided by the submitting group ([] ) According to it, the Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames has places like, Wednesbury (from Odin), Wansdyke (ditto), Tuesley (from Tyr), Froyle (from Frigga), Grim's Ditch (supposedly based on Grim as a byname of Odin, apparently a bit hard to document as a human name at least according to an ELoI currently receiving commentary, see Trimaris 2011-08-27 Grimr Gallgadhel.) If we want to move past Norse gods in English placenames, the page also mentions Grendlesmere, Grendeles Pytt, and Grindle Brook. So we have documentation of Amleth as a plausible period variant of a documented Old Norse name of a semi-legendary Danish king, which was registerable as recently as 2006. We have ample documentation of combined Old Norse-English placenames. And we have documentation of English placenames using the names of deities, and fictitious creatures to alleviate concerns about imaginary people inspiring placenames.

__**Anna die Schatzin Device and Badge:**__
Having fimbriating and cotising in the same tinctures. (LoAR 10/97 p.6) See also below (LoAR 2/10 Nikita Dobrynia Kievich) [registering a //fess vert fimbriated and cotised//] Having fimbriation and cotising in the same tinctures is a definite weirdness, but since that is the only weirdness in the design, it is registerable. (Siobhan nic Eoin, 10/97 p. 6)

Multiple tertiary charge groups:
 * December 1997 LoAR** Ginevra de’ Rossi. Device. Azure, on a fess wavy between three escallops inverted argent a dolphin naiant between two barrulets wavy vert. This is being returned for two reasons. First, as drawn the wavy is not sufficiently pronounced to be a proper wavy. Second, it would be extremely difficult to visually distinguish this armory from the noted similar theoretical armory Azure on a fess wavy cotised between three scallops inverted argent a dolphin naiant vert." The space between the cotises" and the fess" is very small and blue and green are similar enough that we doubt the difference will be perceived. As a general rule, heraldic practices which blur the distinctions between standard heraldic practices are not registered (in this case, the standard practices are cotising vs. tertiary charges). Therefore, we will not allow this type of depiction. //Additionally, barring period evidence of using two distinct charge groups as tertiaries on a single underlying primary charge will be considered a weirdness.//

February 2010 LoAR: **Nikita Dobrynia Kievich.** Name and device. //Sable, a Latin cross inverted throughout gules fimbriated and cotised argent.// The SCA has long held that conflicts under any blazon are valid conflicts. This could be blazoned as //Sable, on a Latin cross inverted cotised argent, a Latin cross inverted gules//. Under that blazon, it is not in conflict with the badge of Cornwall, //Sable, a cross argent//. There is a CD for the addition of the secondary charges and a CD or the addition of the tertiary charge. Commenters should note that the alternate blazon must be registerable, by precedent: Since the unregisterable blazon is the only blazon under which the conflict exists, this is not a conflict. [Cover Letter, June 2004]. We would not register this device under the alternate blazon //Sable, on a Latin cross inverted argent, a cross gules cotised sable//, because we have prohibitions against having more than one tertiary charge group on a single underlying charge. [The cotises are considered secondary charges, not edge/line treatments of the "primary" tertiary charge.] Since we would not register that blazon, the devices are clear.

__**Correcting a Blazon (William Fletcher of Carberry)**__
Procedure per Admin Handbook VI. A. 1. - Corrections to a Letter of Acceptances and Returns must be requested in writing to Laurel. The request must clearly indicate the specific error or omission and the letter of acceptances and returns on which the error occurred. Requests for correction should not be included on letters of intent or letters of commentary and need not be circulated to the membership of the College of Arms prior to action.

OandA - The following device associated with this name was registered [|in December of 2005 (via Calontir)]: December 2005 LoAR - Blazoned on the LoI as a //flask//, and on the submission form as a //wine flask//, the charge is actually a //mariner's whistle//. This charge is a period charge; it is one of the badges of the de Veres, earls of Oxford. Heraldic writers of the 19th and early 20th centuries (such as Fox-Davies, in his //Heraldic Badges//, pp.132-133) describe it as a bottle, and usually specify it as a wine bottle. However, in an article titled "Official Badges" by H. Stanford London (Coat of Arms, vol. IV (27), July 1956), it is shown that the charge in question -- the charge in this submission -- is a mariner's whistle. It was originally depicted fesswise (even Fox-Davies admits that), and only later was it misdrawn as palewise and thus misinterpreted as a bottle.
 * [|Per bend] [|azure] and [|gules], a [|bend] [|Or] between three arrows [|in pale] [|fesswise] [|reversed] and a mariner's whistle [|palewise] [|argent].**

LoI - see above.

The submitter used standard clip art that labeled the object in question as a wine flask, and that was the intended identity (the submitter is a vintner, of course). Most people do not picture a whistle in a way that resembles the depiction on the submitters device. Attempting to Google "mariner's whistle" uncovered no objects resembling the submitters artwork. Indeed, based on the blazon in the LoAR, the device was rendered on the Kingdom Armorial as a completely different object (a boatswain's whistle) by an artist who was apparently as ignorant of the London article referenced in the LoAR as the submitter had been ( [] ). Thus the current blazon does not reproduce the registered emblazon and we request that the blazon be corrected to "flask" or "wine flask" instead of "mariner's whistle".